The Twenty-Ninth Sunday of Kingdomtide
October 13th, 2002
"Does God Ever Change?"
Rev. John P. Wood

The Psalm : Psalm 106:1-6, 19-23

Praise the Lord! O give thanks to the Lord, for he is good; for his steadfast love endures forever. Who can utter the mighty doings of the Lord, or declare all his praise? Happy are those who observe justice, who do righteousness at all times. Remember me, O Lord, when you show favor to your people; help me when you deliver them; that I may see the prosperity of your chosen ones, that I may rejoice in the gladness of your nation, that I may glory in your heritage. Both we and our ancestors have sinned; we have committed iniquity, have done wickedly. They made a calf at Horeb and worshipped a cast image. They exchanged the glory of God for the image of an ox that eats grass. They forgot God, their Savior, who had done great things in Egypt, wondrous works in the land of Ham, and awesome deeds by the Red Sea. Therefore he said he would destroy them-- had not Moses, his chosen one, stood in the breach before him, to turn away his wrath from destroying them.

The Old Testament Lesson : Exodus 32:1-14

When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered around Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make gods for us, who shall go before us; as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him." Aaron said to them, "Take off the gold rings that are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me." So all the people took off the gold rings from their ears, and brought them to Aaron. He took the gold from them, formed it in a mold, and cast an image of a calf; and they said, "These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!" When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation and said, "Tomorrow shall be a festival to the Lord." They rose early the next day, and offered burnt offerings and brought sacrifices of well-being; and the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to revel. The Lord said to Moses, "Go down at once! Your people, whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have acted perversely; they have been quick to turn aside from the way that I commanded them; they have cast for themselves an image of a calf, and have worshipped it and sacrificed to it, and said, 'These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!'" The Lord said to Moses, "I have seen this people, how stiff-necked they are. Now let me alone, so that my wrath may burn hot against them and I may consume them; and of you I will make a great nation. "But Moses implored the Lord his God, and said, "O Lord, why does your wrath burn hot against your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand? Why should the Egyptians say, 'It was with evil intent that he brought them out to kill them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth'? Turn from your fierce wrath; change your mind and do not bring disaster on your people. Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, how you swore to them by your own self, saying to them, 'I will multiply your descendants like the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have promised I will give to your descendants, and they shall inherit it forever.'" And the Lord changed his mind about the disaster that he planned to bring on his people.

The Epistle Lesson: Philippians 4:1-9

Therefore, my brothers and sisters, whom I love and long for, my joy and crown, stand firm in the Lord in this way, my beloved. I urge Euodia and I urge Syntyche to be of the same mind in the Lord. Yes, and I ask you also, my loyal companion, help these women, for they have struggled beside me in the work of the gospel, together with Clement and the rest of my co- workers, whose names are in the book of life. Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, Rejoice. Let your gentleness be known to everyone. The Lord is near. Do not worry about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Finally, beloved, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is pleasing, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence and if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things. Keep on doing the things that you have learned and received and heard and seen in me, and the God of peace will be with you.

The Gospel Lesson: Matthew 22:1-14

Once more Jesus spoke to them in parables, saying: "The kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who gave a wedding banquet for his son. He sent his slaves to call those who had been invited to the wedding banquet, but they would not come. Again he sent other slaves, saying, 'Tell those who have been invited: Look, I have prepared my dinner, my oxen and my fat calves have been slaughtered, and everything is ready; come to the wedding banquet.' But they made light of it and went away, one to his farm, another to his business, while the rest seized his slaves, mistreated them, and killed them. The king was enraged. He sent his troops, destroyed those murderers, and burned their city. Then he said to his slaves, 'The wedding is ready, but those invited were not worthy. Go therefore into the main streets, and invite everyone you find to the wedding banquet.' Those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all whom they found, both good and bad; so the wedding hall was filled with guests. "But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing a wedding robe, and he said to him, 'Friend, how did you get in here without a wedding robe?' And he was speechless. Then the king said to the attendants, 'Bind him hand and foot, and throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.' For many are called, but few are chosen."

"Does God Ever Change?"


Yesterday afternoon, as on many a Saturday afternoon over the years gone by, there was a wedding held in this sanctuary. The couple involved began planning this event over a year and a half ago. In addition to all the time and money spent in preparation there are always certain things that remain outside of anyone's control. Weather for example, or the compliance of all those invited, traffic conditions that might effect everyone's arrival on time, illness, and perhaps even the behavior of a particular guest. In that sense weddings have not really changed much over the centuries!

In Biblical times a "wedding" was simply the public affirmation and celebration of a relationship that had been sealed by an exchange of money or property between two families many years before. At that time the girl was often as young as six and the boy no more than thirteen. Once the "bride price" was agreed upon and exchanged, the "betrothed" couple were bound to each other in every legal sense, and even though they may never have actually met, the dissolution of their relationship would require a divorce initiated by the boy or his family.

"Betrothed" couples could be well into their late twenties with a child or two and never have had the seven day feast required for an actual "wedding." Such a celebration, on top of the betrothal arrangements was seen as a great luxury, much to be desired, but not always possible. After all, if you think that planning a four hour reception following a one hour ceremony is difficult, imagine the planning involved in hosting your guests for a week.

Since such feasts were great community events, and tended to be rather clannish, precautions were taken to keep gate crashers from a neighboring village from consuming the bountiful foods and beverages you'd worked so hard to provide. After all, it's hard to keep an eye on everyone for all that time. Remember that the first time we meet Jesus in his public ministry it's at a wedding, and he has arrived not only with his immediate family, but with a host of disciples that he's gathered from around the area. It may help to explain why they "ran out of wine."

A "wedding robe" or wedding garment" was little more than a strip of homespun cloth, but with a particular pattern and color unique to the host family, distributed in advance to each and every guest. Much like our wedding invitations today, every guest would be expected to have one tied to their arm, or worn in their hair. To have left it at home, or lost it somewhere along the way was inexcusable. When Jesus shared this parable, actually two separate parables which Matthew has put together, it was not a question of being pointed out by the dreaded fashion police, but about proper behavior, legitimate expectations, and as in last week's lection, about doing one's duty.


A "wedding" is the perfect celebration symbol, appropriate as the kind of event which would mark our entrance into the Kingdom of God. What we "put on" in response to God's call; righteousness, or repentance, or whatever, is the necessary response…not just a "nice thing to do," but the expectation! Just as you wouldn't show up at a wedding reception without bringing some kind of gift or thinking about what you were going to wear (though today that sometimes seems hard to believe that people do), you can't just "show up" at God's feast. There has to be some outward sign that you are taking the invitation seriously, and showing respect. Perhaps that is why even at weddings today, when all the guests have gathered in the sanctuary, there is still one last moment when the opportunity is offered "does anyone object?" in order that the certainty of conviction can be determined.

In the parable we are told that many people were "called" or invited to God's feast, but that at least one person was not "chosen" to stay, because, for whatever reason, he wasn't prepared and he didn't act respectfully.

Early Christian symbolism often speaks of conversion as donning new clothing. Paul for example encourages believers to "put on Christ," clothes that are comprised of compassion, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience.

The first part of the parable, like the tenants being cast out of the vineyard in last week's story, involved the loss of the Reign of God by Israel and its bestowal on the new community of faithful believers drawn from the main streets, both good and bad. In truth that Kingdom had been "stripped" of it's power. The war waged by the king would have been seen as a not- so-veiled reference to the destruction of Jerusalem in 70AD, an event that had already happened when Matthew recorded this story. His Jewish-Christian audience would have been affirmed by the first story, but chastened by the second.

The "New Israel" was being warned that just "showing up" is not enough. The Reign of God may have been given to them because others didn't deserve it, but not all the "newbies" deserve it, either. They need to guard themselves against the same self-righteousness and apathy that they felt they saw so clearly in the previous religious institution from which they sprang.

Parables are not cozy moral lessons, but stories used by Jesus to illustrate or describe the Reign of God. Barbara Brown Taylor says in "Tales of Terror, Times of Wonder," that "the Bible offers us more than just consolation and encouragement. Its pages are also filled with terror, violence, and the knowledge that we are ultimately in God's hands." What makes Scripture terrifying is that it points to a Sovereign God who is radically different than us, whose mind we can't read, whose decisions we can't predict, and whose actions we can't control. The one thing we must not do is to take refuge in the fact that simply because we know we were invited to be part of the "group" we need not worry about fulfilling our responsibilities to live our lives in such a way that bears witness to the fact that we have been.

The fundamental hope to which all stories of terror drive us is that however wrong they may seem, however misbegotten and needlessly cruel, God may be present in them, working redemption in ways we are not equipped to discern. I think this parable speaks to the church today. It urgently reminds us that being part of a Christian community should make a discernible difference in who we are and how we live. This fellow still dressed in street clothes must have seen the difference between what he was wearing and where he was at. He was in the great banquet hall of the king--he was at the wedding feast for the royal son. The finest food. the best wine. The recipient of massive grace!

Where is his awe...his wonder...his regard for such generosity? The other guests have humbly and quietly traded in their street clothes for celebration clothes--but he was too busy guzzling the drink and cramming the food in his mouth. His focus was all wrong. As Thomas Long says, "Just to come into the church in response to the gracious, altogether unmerited invitation of Christ and then not to conform one's life to that mercy is to demonstrate spiritual narcissism so profound that one cannot tell the difference between the wedding feast of the Lamb of God and happy hour in a bus station bar."

Anyone can make a mistake. In response to Moses' pleas about his own inadequacies, God appointed Aaron to be a spokesman, but in the Exodus passage for this morning Aaron made a terrible decision to comply with the community/culture that evolved in Moses' absence on the mountain. He spearheaded the construction of the golden calf, and condoned behavior that was far less than Godly. We are told that God was ready to destroy them all on the spot…but Moses' pleas for their entitlement to have another chance changed God's mind.

In the end of the parable, all who get to stay in the presence of the king are equalized by the wedding garments they wear. We say that baptism is the great equalizer, as a symbol of forgiveness, "an outward and visible sign of grace." None can claim to be any better, nor be judged to be any worse. I remember reading an article in National Geographic regarding Muslims who make the pilgrimage to Mecca. One thing is required of all. Everyone must put on the same white garment regardless of wealth or class so that everyone appears equal at Mecca. These are high ideals…but do we really live them?

Tony Campolo in preaching to a gathering of United Methodists wrote: "The only description Jesus gives of the judgment day is in terms of how we have responded to the poor and the needy. I wish it was otherwise because I'm an evangelical. I believe in the four spiritual laws. I believe in the Bible. I believe that salvation comes through faith in Jesus Christ, and I know that I would have all the right answers if God would just ask the right questions: "What was the proper form of baptism? Do you believe in the virgin birth? Do you believe in the second coming? Do you believe in the Apostles' Creed?" But these are not the questions that are asked.

On that day we will be asked: "I was hungry; did you feed me? I was naked; did you clothe me? I was sick; did you care for me? I was in prison; did you visit me?" If you did it to the least of these my brothers and sisters, you did it to me. And if you failed to do it unto the least of these my brothers and sisters, you failed to do it unto me.

I don't like that kind of criteria for judgment. I want it to be theological, but the Bible is quite clear. This commitment to the poor, this commitment to the hungry is at the very basis of what it means to be a Christian. If we are to be followers of Jesus, this is the evidence that we are filled with the Holy Spirit." (Christian Social Action Sept/Oct. 2002)

Our "duty" is not simply to recruit souls for heaven, making sure they are "marked" and have passed inspection like some final check point at an airport terminal. Our "duty," and the outer sign of our membership in the Kingdom of God is seen in how we treat one another and change this present world for the better. How often do we say to one another, and to ourselves…"This is really important, it's a great cause, a great event"…now "If you're willing,"…"If you're interested,"…That's not good enough!

Far too often we are content to say "What we really have to do is get our hearts in the right place and then we will do the right thing." And we wait, and we stall, and we never get around to changing anything! Jesus never said "Where you heart is there will your treasure be." He was more of a realist than that! He said "Where your treasure is there will your heat be as well," and because of that we can be pretty certain how our priorities are going to fall.

We have been called to a great event…a transformed life of daily adventuring with God. It comes with it's own set of priorities, and it requires a commitment that doesn't have loopholes. Once we have responded it is no longer "If you would be so kind…" but becomes "The expectation is…."

In the end we will all be judged…and the party will continue with some noticeable absentees…may we do our very best to keep that from happening for others, and for ourselves. For God has been gracious indeed, but God can change!

The Pastoral Prayer:

Dear and loving God, we place so much confidence in your unconditional acceptance of our human frailties, that sometimes it becomes easy to allow ourselves an indifference to proper conduct that must surely be offensive to you. You know that our deepest need is not to learn more about You, and not to understand more religious ideas, but to have the courage to put a very few of those ideas we already know into practice in our way of daily living. We need not say more and more prayers, but to become the answer to the prayers we have already offered; not to attend more and more services, but to act in a Christ-like way in every circumstance in which we find ourselves. Help us in your love to grow in our own sense of responsibility to one another and to You. Teach us the demands of grace, which requires the same outward tolerance of other's behavior that we seek for ourselves, and the same expectation of the possibility for growth and change that You see in us. Send tangible comfort to all in need, and whenever possible use us as agents of that compassion. Demand as much of our time, talents, and temperament as we so freely demand from You, and transform us daily so that we become more and more like Your own dear Son in whose holy name we make this and every prayer. Amen