Epiphany Sunday - Holy Communion
January 6th, 2002
"An Ever Expanding Glory"
Rev. John P. Wood

The Psalm : Psalm 72:1-7, 10-14

A psalm celebrating the identifying aspects of a truly righteous ruler.

Give the king your justice, O God, and your righteousness to a king's son. May he judge your people with righteousness, and your poor with justice. May the mountains yield prosperity for the people, and the hills, in righteousness. May he defend the cause of the poor of the people, give deliverance to the needy, and crush the oppressor. May he live while the sun endures, and as long as the moon, throughout all generations. May he be like rain that falls on the mown grass, like showers that water the earth. In his days may righteousness flourish and peace abound, until the moon is no more. May the kings of Tarshish and of the isles render him tribute, may the kings of Sheba and Seba bring gifts. May all kings fall down before him, all nations give him service. For he delivers the needy when they call, the poor and those who have no helper. He has pity on the weak and the needy, and saves the lives of the needy. From oppression and violence he redeems their life; and precious is their blood in his sight.

The Old Testament Lesson: Isaiah 60:1-6

A prophecy of "reversal of fortunes" given to a captive people who longed for restoration

Arise, shine; for your light has come, and the glory of the Lord has risen upon you. For darkness shall cover the earth, and thick darkness the peoples; but the Lord will arise upon you, and his glory will appear over you. Nations shall come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your dawn. Lift up your eyes and look around; they all gather together, they come to you; your sons shall come from far away, and your daughters shall be carried on their nurses' arms. Then you shall see and be radiant; your heart shall thrill and rejoice, because the abundance of the sea shall be brought to you, the wealth of the nations shall come to you. A multitude of camels shall cover you, the young camels of Midian and Ephah; all those from Sheba shall come. They shall bring gold and frankincense, and shall proclaim the praise of the Lord.

The Epistle Lesson: Ephesians 3:1-12

Paul explains what he understands as his great privilege and exaltation, to bring the gospel to the gentiles, despite the outward appearances of his own servanthood and imprisonment.

This is the reason that I Paul am a prisoner for Christ Jesus for the sake of you Gentiles-- for surely you have already heard of the commission of God's grace that was given me for you, and how the mystery was made known to me by revelation, as I wrote above in a few words, a reading of which will enable you to perceive my understanding of the mystery of Christ. In former generations this mystery was not made known to humankind, as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit: that is, the Gentiles have become fellow heirs, members of the same body, and sharers in the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel. Of this gospel I have become a servant according to the gift of God's grace that was given me by the working of his power. Although I am the very least of all the saints, this grace was given to me to bring to the Gentiles the news of the boundless riches of Christ, and to make everyone see what is the plan of the mystery hidden for ages in God who created all things; so that through the church the wisdom of God in its rich variety might now be made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places. This was in accordance with the eternal purpose that he has carried out in Christ Jesus our Lord, in whom we have access to God in boldness and confidence through faith in him.

The Gospel Lesson: Matthew 2:1-12

Foreign scholars recognize the power embodied in the Christ Child, long before those in his own country ever do.



In the time of King Herod, after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, asking, "Where is the child who has been born king of the Jews? For we observed his star at its rising, and have come to pay him homage." When King Herod heard this, he was frightened, and all Jerusalem with him; and calling together all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Messiah was to be born. They told him, "In Bethlehem of Judea; for so it has been written by the prophet: 'And you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who is to shepherd my people Israel.'" Then Herod secretly called for the wise men and learned from them the exact time when the star had appeared. Then he sent them to Bethlehem, saying, "Go and search diligently for the child; and when you have found him, bring me word so that I may also go and pay him homage." When they had heard the king, they set out; and there, ahead of them, went the star that they had seen at its rising, until it stopped over the place where the child was. When they saw that the star had stopped, they were overwhelmed with joy. On entering the house, they saw the child with Mary his mother; and they knelt down and paid him homage. Then, opening their treasure chests, they offered him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. And having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they left for their own country by another road.

"An Ever Expanding Glory"


Last week we read of Mary and Joseph and the sojourn they were forced to take in Egypt, and this week we read of magi coming from what was once Babylon. Such an unlikely couple and an inauspicious birth attracting what would have been for that time "world wide" recognition. Both events are seen as fulfillments of ancient prophecies, but even more, they are the longings of a nearly destroyed people who look forward to a day when the world will recognize their worth.

"Nations shall come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your dawn." These words spoken by the prophet Isaiah to a people whose minds were still filled with images of leveled villages and slaughtered family members seemed almost impossible to believe. Think of Afghan farmers today believing that one day world leaders would come to them for guidance and you will have a better understanding of the impact of those words. When one is sharing a meager meal in a ramshackle hut as a captive in a foreign land, the image of kings coming to you bearing gifts of "gold and frankincense," in order to proclaim the praise of the Lord" certainly requires more than a good imagination. It requires great faith!

These two places, Egypt and Babylon are not chosen by coincidence. They are the sites of Israel's enslavement and exile in the past, and they play critical roles in Matthew's story. Perhaps, as the gospel writer to the Jewish people 2000 years ago, he was trying to say that the day was coming when these people shall no longer be seen as enemies-but that all would live in peace. Clearly that day has not yet come, but it is a vision worth longing for!

As you have heard in the past, Matthew does not give these strange nocturnal visitors names, nor does he mention their number. It was from later Christian traditions that we began to believe there were three, and that they were called Balthassar, Melchior and Caspar. Most of us however never made the connection that Balthassar is a Greek corruption of the Babylonian name Belshazzar familiar from the Book of Daniel; which means "O Lord, protect the king." Melchior, which means "The king is my light," is an Aramaic name often encountered in Assyrian and Babylonian texts, and Caspar (sometimes spelled Gaspar) is a Roman corruption of Gondophares (Gadaspar), a Parthian name (the language of the people who ruled Persia in Matthew's day). The names of the magi suggest that they came from Babylon, a Parthian royal city and one of the most important centers of astronomical and astrological knowledge of that time. The reason three is used is because the number was symbolic of a "complete act of God." The Western Church assumed that because there were three gifts there were three magi.

Beyond being one of best loved and most charming parts of the nativity story of Jesus, and the reason for a celebration of Epiphany or "Enlightenment" Sunday, there may be far more for us to ponder in these events which speak to our situation today.

The encounter between these foreign magicians and a Jewish peasant family should be seen as an encounter with wisdom itself, and therein is the reason they are called "wise." They were non-Jews who came seeking an embodiment of divine wisdom in human form. They fell down and worshipped this child as "Lord Wisdom," an ancient concept of "logos" stolen by the Greeks, and one which formed the basis of the last gospel, the Gospel of John. When Alexander the Great captured Persia, he destroyed the libraries, temples and many other aspects of that highly developed culture, but not without first plundering many great philosophies which he and his Greek culture later took credit for.

"Gold, frankincense, and myrrh" were not the only gifts which Jesus was endowed with by the Magi. "Wisdom incarnate" is a wonderful concept and it is not stretching historical evidence at all to suggest that this is who the Magi believed him to be. So not only were impoverished people being asked to believe that one day the world would look to them for wisdom, but also that a peasant child, born under the worst of

circumstances would one day be their most famous and successful leader. Think no further than Martin Luther King, Jr. or Mother Theresa and one has the image of leadership emerging from places and people no one would have suspected.

"Light of the world" is another concept that has been labeled as part of the "gnostic" influence in the gospel of John. Yet long before the merger of Christian and Greek cultures, "light of the world" was a concept central to the beliefs of the Magi.

There is a beautiful line in Noah ben Shea's story of "Jacob the Baker" which says: "The furthest a wise man can travel is to the border of his own ignorance. The furthest a wise man can see is to the beginning of his own blindness."

These "seekers" believed in the possibility that God could and would do anything. They lived expectantly, looking for a sign, and they stepped outside of their own boxes in faith, traveling to foreign places, encountering hostile forces, and even risked going "home" by a different route than the one they knew.

Once again we find the theme of "openness" on the part of people on the outside of traditional religious piety to God's actions, an openness "hidden" from those who considered themselves people who ought to be "in the know."

The religious authorities dug into their files on scripture and came up with a logical guess to the question they had been asked, but it is clear that they made no move to investigate the matter further. They obviously had the correct answer, but also believed they had better things with which to concern themselves.

As I thought about this, I thought back on how many times in my own experience of personal faith journey, of the Church and the predilections of clergy of many persuasions to inquire into the Bible, or examine tradition in order to consider the future directions they should be taking when God has written the answer in the sky, so plainly that even foreigners, strangers to this kind of logic, can read and know what is going on, and what should be done.

The message of the rainbow in the sky in the time of Noah is an immediate parallel to the star of Epiphany. The message of God's mercy for all people written in the clouds for all to see. It didn't need someone with a theological degree, someone with mystical powers or someone with fluency in ancient languages to decipher. It was there for all to see - the sheer beauty of it made the message quite unmistakable, even to the most untrained of observers.

Is it so hard for us to believe that God has a far wider agenda than the often petty concerns of the church? Do we actually think that God is interested in the continuing preservation of our own particular strand of pietism?

When I look at the world today, I see, at least a beginning, a growing nucleus of individuals who champion the acceptance of people of different races, colors, creeds or preferences for intimacy. People who actually think that many of those things that have preoccupied our attention for so long should have been settled a long time ago, and that the only reason those things remain something of an issue, is to distract others from seeing the star, from seeing the rainbow, from seeing the wideness of God's mercy.

Some people have indeed a vested interest in not seeing. Yet Epiphany signals a coming to the light, the revelation of God's ever expanding glory. There was a hymn in the previous UM Hymnal that was dropped from our present one that embodies so much of this philosophy central to the meaning of Epiphany. I would like you to hear the first and last verses of that hymn before we join our voices in renewing the Wesleyan covenant.

Light of the world we hail thee, flooding the eastern skies;

Never shall darkness veil thee again from human eyes.

Too long alas withholden, now spread from shore to shore,

Thy light, so glad and golden, shall set on earth no more.

Light of the world, illumine this darkened earth of thine,

Till everything that's human be filled with the divine.

Till every tongue and nation from sin's dominion free,

Rise in the new creation which springs from love and thee.